健康视角下城市建成环境对老年人日常步行活动的影响研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

姜玉培  甄峰  孙鸿鹄  王文文 《地理研究》2020,39(3):570-584

“健康老龄化”背景下,促进身体活动是提升老年人健康水平的重要方式,也是当前多学科交叉研究的热点。依托南京市居民身体活动调查数据,选择老年人日常生活中最普遍且有益健康的步行活动作为研究主题,探究建成环境的影响,以期为相关理论与实践提供有益探索。研究表明：① 老年人日常步行空间范围可作为步行所涉及建成环境边界,不同类型的主要活动场所则可识别建成环境要素需求差异。② 日常生活所涉及的公共开放空间、商业及公共服务设施的密集性,以及主观建成环境感知对老年人交通性/休闲性步行活动具有显著影响。③ 基于老年人日常步行活动习惯及建成环境对步行活动的影响,可从有效供给日常步行生活空间、积极引导健康生活方式方面提出相应规划策略。  相似文献   

球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus sphaericus)对斑马鱼幼鱼生长、肠道菌群及代谢的影响          下载免费PDF全文

王涵颖  张心月  彭怀云  杨君烨  邱浩宇  黄玲  陶晨智  王萍 《海洋与湖沼》2024,55(1):265-278

旨在探究养殖水体中添加球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌对斑马鱼幼鱼生长、抗氧化免疫、肠道菌群与代谢的影响。将初体重为(0.019±0.003) g的270尾斑马鱼随机均分为3组, ZF0组(对照组, 基础饲料)、ZF5组(基础饲料+10⁵CFU/mL球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌)与ZF7组(基础饲料+10⁷CFU/mL球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌), 每组3个平行,试验周期为33 d。实验结果表明: (1) 各组间的终末体重、增重率和特定生长率都没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。(2) ZF5和ZF7组的GPT活性显著高于ZF0组(P<0.05), ZF5组AKP的活性显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。(3) ZF7组胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活性相对于ZF0和ZF5组显著提高(P<0.05)。(4) ZF7组肠道绒毛高度、V/C都显著高于ZF0与ZF5组(P<0.05); ZF7组的隐窝深度显著低于其他两组(P<0.05)。(5) 从肠道菌群组成来看, 各组间优势菌门均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria), ZF5和ZF7组显著降低了肠道中梭杆菌门(Fusobacteriota)的丰度并显著提高了放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)的丰度(P<0.05)。属水平上, 对照组与试验组的优势菌属为鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium), 试验组显著减少了邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)的丰度同时显著提高了戈登氏菌属(Gordonia)、细杆菌属(Microbacterium)等有益菌属的丰度(P<0.05)。(6)ZF5和ZF7组与ZF0组的肠道代谢物差异明显, 其中Lipoxin a4、Prostaglandin g2和11-dehydrothromboxane b2显著上调(P<0.05), 5''-phosphoribosyl- 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide (aicar)显著下调(P<0.05)。差异代谢物主要富集在ABC转运蛋白、神经活性配体-受体相互作用以及丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸通路中。综上所述,养殖水体中添加球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌有利于改善斑马鱼幼鱼的肠道消化性能、组织结构和微生物多样性及其代谢产物。  相似文献   

Study on General Performance of Jack-up Under Elevated Condition     

李红涛  杨清峡  李晔 《中国海洋工程》2009,23(3):577-584

Method of checking for jack-up elevated performance including leg structure strength, fixation system or jacking system bearing capacity, pre-load requirements, spud can bearing capacity and overturning stability is suggested in this paper. As an example, a jack-up with truss legs is analyzed by finite element analysis method. This paper may be helpful to the rig owners, operators and designers.  相似文献   

高精度高性价比的GPS定向仪的设计     

许湘剑  曹振新 《全球定位系统》2009,34(6):48-52

介绍了一种高精度、高性价比的GPS定位定向仪的设计及实现（〈1mil，2σ）方法，系统利用了实际应用中的有利约束条件，对基于LAMBDA方法的载波相位整周模糊度解算算法进行了改进，经过系统工程设计，在实际应用中实现了单频、高精度、快速定向数据的输出。可以满足绝大多数环境下的使用需求，大大降低了系统成本。  相似文献   

波纹开缝翅片管换热器传热与流动性的数值模拟     

李军  吴学红  徐青  凌长明  张正国 《广东海洋大学学报》2008,28(4)

提出一种波纹开缝翅片管换热器,对其传热与流动特性进行三维数值模拟,选择Re范围在1 000到5 000时与平板开缝翅片的模拟相比较。结果表明,在Re小于2 752时,平板开缝比波纹开缝的换热效果好,而Re大于2 752时,波纹开缝比平板开缝换热效果更好,并且波纹开缝翅片管换热器的流动阻力小于平板开缝,因此,Re大于2 752时波纹开缝比平板开缝综合效果更好。  相似文献   

C++虚拟继承状态下对象复制语义的分析研究     

楚丁  彭宗锦 《成都信息工程学院学报》2007,22(5):593-597

分析C 虚拟继承状态下的对象复制语义学.通过分析当前主流C 编译器对这个语义的支持情况,比较了它们之间实现上的差异;最后提出一种基于软件编码的实现方案,并比较了各种方案的性能优劣,以求更大限度的发挥C 的性能.  相似文献   

MCM-41/β介孔—微孔复合分子筛的合成、表征及催化性能     

王东青  魏静  于春梅  王锐  李宗奇 《东北石油大学学报》2013,37(3):100-104,129

以β分子筛为前驱体,水玻璃和硫酸铝为外加硅铝源,采用二元混合表面活性剂为结构导向剂,水热晶化合成MCM-41/β介孔—微孔复合分子筛,并利用XRD、SEM、TEM、N2吸附—脱附和Py-IR等对复合分子筛进行表征,以十氢萘为模型化合物考察复合样品的催化裂解反应性能.结果表明:MCM-41/β介孔—微孔复合分子筛中存在MCM-41分子筛六方介孔结构和β分子筛微孔结构,对十氢萘具有较强的催化反应活性,催化裂解转化率为93.16%.  相似文献   

Standardization of baseline and additionality determination under the CDM     

Daisuke Hayashi  Axel Michaelowa 《Climate Policy》2013,13(2):191-209

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project developers have long complained about the complexities of project-specific baseline setting and the vagaries of additionality determination. In response to this, the CDM Executive Board took bold steps towards the standardization of CDM methodologies, culminating in the approval of guidelines for the establishment of performance standards in November 2011. The guidelines specify a performance standard stringency level for both baseline and additionality of 80% for several priority sectors and 90% for all other sectors. However, an analysis of 14 large-scale CDM methodologies that use performance standard approaches challenges this top-down approach to the performance standard design. An appropriate performance standard stringency level strongly depends on sector and technology characteristics. A single stringency level for baseline and additionality determination is appropriate only for greenfield projects, but not for retrofit ones. Overly simple, highly aggregated performance standards are unlikely to ensure high environmental integrity, and difficult questions regarding stringency and updating frequency will eventually have to be addressed on a rather disaggregated level. A careful balance between data requirements and the practicability of performance standards is essential because the heavy data requirements of the existing performance standard methodologies have been the key barrier to their actual implementation.

Policy relevance

CDM regulators have been pushed by many stakeholders to standardize baseline setting and eliminate project-specific additionality determination. At first glance, performance standards seem to provide the perfect solution for both tasks. However, a one-size-fits-all political decision – e.g. the average of the top 20% performers as enshrined in the Marrakech Accords – is inappropriate. Substantial disaggregation of performance standards is required both technologically and geographically in order to limit over- and under-crediting and close loopholes for non-additional projects. As a lack of reliable and complete data has been and will be a key bottleneck for the development of performance standards, international support for data collection will be indispensable, but costly, and time-consuming. Empirically driven, techno-economic assessments of performance standard stringency levels must be the central task of the future work on standardized methodologies, and should not be sidelined by perceived needs of policy makers to take bold decisions under time pressures.  相似文献   

Differences between CMIP6 and CMIP5 Models in Simulating Climate over China and the East Asian Monsoon     

Dabang JIANG  Dan HU  Zhiping TIAN  Xianmei LANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(10):1102-1118

We compare the ability of coupled global climate models from the phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5 and CMIP6, respectively) in simulating the temperature and precipitation climatology and interannual variability over China for the period 1961–2005 and the climatological East Asian monsoon for the period1979–2005. All 92 models are able to simulate the geographical distribution of the above variables reasonably well.Compared with earlier CMIP5 models, current CMIP6 models have nationally weaker cold biases, a similar nationwide overestimation of precipitation and a weaker underestimation of the southeast–northwest precipitation gradient, a comparable overestimation of the spatial variability of the interannual variability, and a similar underestimation of the strength of winter monsoon over northern Asia. Pairwise comparison indicates that models have improved from CMIP5 to CMIP6 for climatological temperature and precipitation and winter monsoon but display little improvement for the interannual temperature and precipitation variability and summer monsoon. The ability of models relates to their horizontal resolutions in certain aspects. Both the multi-model arithmetic mean and median display similar skills and outperform most of the individual models in all considered aspects.  相似文献   

中国地球气候系统模式的发展及其模拟和预估   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周天军  陈梓明  邹立维  陈晓龙  俞永强  王斌  包庆  鲍颖  曹剑  何编  胡帅  李立娟  李建  林岩銮  马利斌  乔方利  容新尧  宋振亚  唐彦丽  吴波  吴统文  辛晓歌  张贺  张明华 《气象学报》2020,78(3):332-350

地球气候系统模式是开展多学科、多圈层集成研究的重要平台,其发展是国际地学领域特别是全球变化领域竞争的前沿。中国的地球气候系统模式研发工作始于20世纪80年代,最近10年得到快速发展。研发格局上已经形成中国科学院、有关部委和高校三足鼎立的局面。文中在简要回顾中国地球气候系统模式早期发展历史的基础上,总结了中国参加第6次耦合模式比较计划的9个地球气候系统模式的技术特点,初步评估了中国4个模式对全球和东亚气候模拟的基本性能,分析了其在4种共享社会经济路径情景下对全球降水与温度的预估变化及其与平衡态气候敏感度的联系。最后,结合国际态势,从发展的角度提出未来中国气候模式研发工作需要加强的8个方向。   相似文献